Communist Left

• Communist Left 52

  2024-04

  1. The Labour Movement in the United States of America - Part 18 cont. (Engelska)
  2. Luxemburg and Liebknecht, Revolutionary Communist Leaders (Engelska)

• Communist Left 51

  2023-06

  1. The Continuing Massacre of Russian and Ukrainian Proletarians for the Greatest Profits of the Capitalists (Engelska)
  2. The Labour Movement in the United States of America - Part 17-18 (Engelska)

• Communist Left 50

  2022-08

  1. Ukraine is the Whole World (Engelska)
  2. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 13-16 (Engelska)
  3. Plaidoyer pour Staline (Engelska)

• Communist Left 49

  2021-11

  1. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 12 (Engelska)

• Communist Left 48

  2021-03

  1. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 11 (Engelska)

• Communist Left 47

  2020-09

  1. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 10 (Engelska)

• Communist Left 46

  2020-03

  1. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 9 (Engelska)
  2. Lenin, Liebknecht and Luxemburg belong to the world proletariat (Engelska)

• Communist Left 44-45

  2019

  1. Putrid Democracy Throws Itself into the Arms of Fascism (Engelska)
  2. The German Revolution: A Balance Sheet (Engelska)
  3. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 8 (Engelska)
  4. The Tactics of the Communist International (Engelska)

• Communist Left 42-43

  2018

  1. International Solidarity and Revolutionary Communist Preparation Against Right‑wing and Left‑wing “Sovereignism” (Engelska)
  2. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 7 (Engelska)
  3. The National and Colonial Question at the First Congress of Eastern Peoples (Engelska)
  4. The Economic and Social Structure of Russia Today (Engelska)
  5. Summary of Our General Meetings in 2017 (Engelska)

• Communist Left 40-41

  2017

  1. An Analysis of October and Perspectives on the Future in a Text by Lenin (Engelska)
  2. Better Fewer, but Better (Engelska)
  3. The Working Class and Irish Nationalism (Engelska)
  4. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 6 (Engelska)
  5. The Marxist Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall (Engelska)
  6. The Revolutionary Workers Movement and the Agrarian Question (Engelska)
  7. Contributions to the Organic Historical Representation of the Marxist Revolutionary Theory (Engelska)
  8. The Party Does Not Arise From “Circles” (Engelska)
  9. Summaries of our General Meetings (Engelska)

• Communist Left 38-39

  2016

  1. Against the European Union referendum! The working class can only defend its conditions with class organisation and class struggle ! (Engelska)
  2. The Tottering Framework of Global Capitalism (Engelska)
  3. Only by the workers defending their standard of living today can they prepare to destroy the global power of capitalism tomorrow! (Engelska)
  4. The false alternative for the proletariat in Greece (Engelska)
  5. “Islamic State” creature of the imperialisms. Introduction (Engelska)
  6. “Islamic State” creature of the imperialisms (Engelska)
  7. Kobane: The Kurds in the quagmire of the Middle East (Engelska)
  8. Theses on the National and Colonial Question (Engelska)
  9. Communism and the National Question (Engelska)
  10. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 5 (Engelska)
  11. The usefulness of the latest genetics studies in looking at the prehistory of Britain, which confirms the methods of Marx (Engelska)
  12. General Meeting Reports - 118 to 121 (Engelska)

• Communist Left 36-37

  2014-06

  1. Paris attacks: not a war between races and religions - but preparation for imperialist war (Engelska)
  2. First of May 2014.A Hundred years after the outbreak of the First Imperialist War (Engelska)
  3. War in Gaza. For the Rebirth of a Proletarian and Communist Movement in the Middle East (Engelska)
  4. The Scottish Independence Referendum: A blind alley for the working class (Engelska)
  5. Ukraine. Introduction (Engelska)
  6. The proletariat in Ukraine must struggle against both the Russian and Western imperialist fronts and for tomorrow’s International Communist Revolution (Engelska)
  7. The maneuvers of the imperialisms in the Ukraine: preparations for the future world war (Engelska)
  8. War maneuvers in Europe (Engelska)
  9. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 4 (Engelska)
  10. The Colonial Question: An Initial Balance-Sheet (Engelska)
  11. New Publication: Factors of Race & Nation in Marxist Theory (Engelska)
  12. General Meeting Reports (Engelska)
  13. Summary of the General Meeting Reports (Engelska)

• Communist Left 34-35

  2013-06

  1. On the Same Road as Always (1974) (Engelska)
  2. For the Class Union (Engelska)
  3. March 2013 - The standard of living of all workers (whether employed or not) is under attack (Engelska)
  4. May the First 2013 - Capitalism is now a nauseating corpse. Its economy, political institutions and social superstitions are merely waiting to be buried by its gravediggers (Engelska)
  5. Grangemouth: 'Unite the Union' prefers collaboration to Class Struggle (Engelska)
  6. Bangladesh, April 2013: The Latest Victim of Multinational Capitalism (Engelska)
  7. In Egypt the Islamists sacked by the army will remain as a back-up force to be used against the proletariat (Engelska)
  8. In support of the struggle of the Egyptian working class against the bourgeois State, its army and its lay and Islamic lackeys, enemies one and all (Engelska)
  9. German angst and the surveillance State (Engelska)
  10. Germany: Class struggles ahead draw parties closer together (Engelska)
  11. Businesses, Banks and States dragged into the vortex of Capital’s Crisis of Overproduction: the Greek case Pt. 2 (Engelska)
  12. [GM111] Party Meeting in Turin (Engelska)
  13. [GM112] General Meeting in Sarzana (Engelska)
  14. [GM113] Party General Meeting in Cortona (Engelska)
  15. Marxist Economic Theory - The 3rd Volume of Capital (Engelska)
  16. COMMUNISM AGAINST DEMOCRACY IN THE EARLY DAYS OF THE LABOUR MOVEMENT IN ITALY (Engelska)
  17. THE MILITARY QUESTION (Engelska)
  18. HISTORY OF THE LABOUR MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (Engelska)
  19. THE REARMAMENT OF THE IMPERIALIST POWERS (Engelska)
  20. IMPERIALIST SCHEMES AROUND PAKISTAN (Engelska)
  21. SYRIA: THE SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (Engelska)
  22. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF ITALY’S POSITION ON THE TRADE UNIONS (Engelska)
  23. PARTY’S TRADE UNION ACTIVITY (Engelska)

• Communist Left 33

  2013-01

  1. Now Further Attacks on Pensions Proposed in the UK (Engelska)
  2. In South Africa the Miners Fight On, in the Face of the Bourgeoisie’s Bullets (Engelska)
  3. The Spanish miners show the European proletariat the right path: indefinite strikes (Engelska)
  4. The Crisis in Greece and False Parliamentary Alternatives (Engelska)
  5. The Crisis in Europe, Bourgeois Quacks and We Communists (Engelska)
  6. Businesses, Banks and States dragged into the vortex of Capital’s Crisis of Overproduction: the Greek case Pt. 1 (Engelska)
  7. Businesses, Banks and States dragged into the vortex of Capital’s Crisis of Overproduction: the Greek case (Engelska)
  8. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 3 (Engelska)
  9. Report of the Public Meeting held in Liverpool on June 23rd 2012 (Engelska)
  10. The Historical Need for Communism (Engelska)
  11. Outside and Against the Existing Trade Unions (Engelska)
  12. [GM107] The Party’s General Meeting in Cortona (Engelska)
  13. [GM108] A Busy Working Meeting (Engelska)
  14. [GM109] A Determined Party Meeting (Engelska)
  15. [GM110] The excellent results that come of impersonal communist work (Engelska)
  16. A condensation of the reports made at general meetings (Engelska)

• Communist Left 31-32

  2012

  1. From Hiroshima to Fukushima (Engelska)
  2. The Inter-imperialist Confrontation in Libya (Engelska)
  3. Economic Crisis and the need to fight it with effective trade-union organisations (Engelska)
  4. Il movimento operaio negli Stati Uniti d’America (Pt.2) (Italienska)
  5. Egyptian Worker’s Speaking Tour: Good and less good forms of Solidarity (Engelska)
  6. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 2 (Engelska)
  7. The Financial Crisis in Greece: The Toppling of Capital’s Golden Idols (Engelska)
  8. For the defence of the Greek proletariat’s living and working conditions against the attack of International capital! The proletariat must avoid getting drawn into parliamentary games and instead rebuild its own independent class organisations! (Engelska)
  9. General strike in Greece on the 28th and 29th June: Lessons and wrong trends (Engelska)
  10. Whether they ‘pay their debts’ or not the employers and all the bourgeois states of Europe are moving onto the attack against the working class! (Engelska)
  11. For workers’ unity across different sectors! For a General Strike against Capital! (Engelska)
  12. Public Sector Strikes in England (Engelska)
  13. The Public Sector workers’ Strike on November 30 (Engelska)
  14. Attacks on Public Sector Workers on Both Sides of the Atlantic (Engelska)
  15. USA - Verizon strike (Engelska)
  16. From the Occupy Wall Street Movement to the blockade of the West Coast ports (Engelska)
  17. [GM104] A meeting of concentrated and consistent work (Engelska)
  18. [GM105] Party General Meeting (Engelska)
  19. [GM106] An orderly working meeting (Engelska)
  20. [GM104-105-106] Course of the economic crisis (Engelska)
  21. [GM 104-106] Communism, the historical negation of democracy (Engelska)
  22. [GM104] The Pakistani volcano and the foundations of Afghan society (Engelska)
  23. [GM104-105-106] The military question (Engelska)
  24. [GM 104-105-106] From The Capital, Volume 3 (Engelska)
  25. [GM 104] Origins of the Chinese Communist Party (Engelska)
  26. [GM105-106] Origins of the trade unions in Italy (Engelska)
  27. [GM105] The rearming of the States (Engelska)
  28. [GM105] History of the labor movement in the United States (Engelska)

• Communist Left 29-30

  2011

  1. The Proletarian Giant shakes Egypt (Engelska)
  2. The revolt in Tunisia is successful, but now it is menaced by the trap of democracy (Engelska)
  3. Capitalism: an already nauseating corpse (Engelska)
  4. More bloodshed in the Middle East (Engelska)
  5. The Labor Movement in the United States of America - Part 1 (Engelska)
  6. Rosarno - an example to all workers (Engelska)
  7. The struggle of the immigrant labourers is for the whole of the working class (Engelska)
  8. France - Pension “reforms” (Engelska)
  9. UK: Government Cuts Are Directed Against the Working Class (Engelska)
  10. Letter from America - Struggling workers suppressed at the point of the boss’s gun (Engelska)
  11. The American health reforms - A Nice Gift for the Insurance Companies (Engelska)
  12. The Workers’ Movement in Modern Iraq Pt. 2 (Engelska)

• Communist Left 27-28

  2009

  1. The Capital regime is based on plunder and exploitation: Long may its crisis continue! For class struggle! For Communism! (Engelska)
  2. A Police operation against the proletariat trapped in the Gaza Strip (Engelska)
  3. Greek youth revolts against a revolting world (Engelska)
  4. The Workers’ Movement in Modern Iraq Pt. 1 (Engelska)
  5. A Peace Process in Northern Ireland; in London and Washington’s interest (Engelska)
  6. Marxism and the Unions (Pt. 2) (Engelska)
  7. Capitalist Development and the American Civil War Pt. 4 (Engelska)
  8. [RG97] Party Meeting at Sarzana (Engelska)
  9. [RG98] An Excellent Party Meeting in Parma (Engelska)

• Communist Left 25-26

  2007-09

  1. China, ‘Communist Variant’ of capitalism (Engelska)
  2. Introduction of the Two Reports on Fascism by the delegate of the Communist Party of Italy for the Communist International (Engelska)
  3. Report on Fascism (Engelska)
  4. Report on Fascism by the Left of the PCd'I (Engelska)
  5. Fascism and Antifascism (Engelska)
  6. Capitalist Development and the American Civil War Pt. 3 (Engelska)
  7. [GM95] A Productive Party Meeting at Viareggio (Engelska)
  8. [GM96] Working Meeting in Turin (Engelska)
  9. Giandomenico (Engelska)

• Communist Left 23-24

  2006-04

  1. The War in the Middle East and the Destruction of Lebanon (Engelska)
  2. The Courageous Strike of the Teheran Tram-Drivers (Engelska)
  3. Struggles in France Against the Latest Attacks on Job Security (Engelska)
  4. Our Last Farewell to Fortunato Benedetti (Engelska)
  5. Marking out the Foundations (Engelska)
  6. Schematic Chronology of the Chinese National Epic (Engelska)
  7. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 11 (Engelska)
  8. Capitalist Development and the American Civil War Pt. 2 (Engelska)
  9. A strike against the latest attack on workers’ pensions (Engelska)
  10. 'Left' Trade Union Leaders avoid the Class Struggle (Engelska)
  11. [GM93] An Excellent Party Meeting in Cortona (Engelska)
  12. [GM94] The Spring 2006 Meeting at Parma (Engelska)

• Communist Left 21-22

  2005-04

  1. Comrade Livio Has Passed Away (Engelska)
  2. New Orleans: Ignorance – Impotence – Rapacity (Engelska)
  3. Terrorism: Anti-Proletarian in Two Senses (Engelska)
  4. Iraq: Against Collaborationists and Resistance Fighters (Engelska)
  5. Theses on the Chinese Question (Engelska)
  6. Marxism and the Unions (Pt. 1) (Engelska)
  7. Capitalist Development and the American Civil War Pt. 1 (Engelska)
  8. [GM90] An Intense Party Meeting (Engelska)
  9. [GM91] Working Meeting at Florence (Engelska)
  10. Mass Sackings and Wildcat Strikes at Heathrow (Engelska)
  11. Heads Roll in the UK Unions (Engelska)

• Communist Left 19-20

  2004

  1. Iraq: War as Form of Government (Engelska)
  2. The Counter-Revolution and the Spanish Imperialist War – Three Articles from Bilan (Engelska)
  3. Manifesto of the Communist Left to the Proletarians of Europe (Engelska)
  4. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 10 (Engelska)
  5. Towards the Rebirth of the Working Class Trade Union (Engelska)
  6. Origins and History of the English Workers Movement (Pt. 6) (Engelska)
  7. [UK] Workers’ Frustrations and Outbursts of Strikes Headed Off by Union Leaders (Engelska)
  8. [USA] The Southern California Grocery Strike: Portrait of a Regime Union in Action (Engelska)
  9. [Party Interventions, Italy] The Public Transport Workers’ Strike – An Example for All Workers (Engelska)
  10. [Party Interventions, USA] Solidarity with Striking and Locked-Out Grocery Workers – For a Class Union (Engelska)
  11. [Party Interventions, USA] Ignore the Elections; Unleash the Class War (Engelska)

• Communist Left 18

  2003-08

  1. Against Capitalist War! Against Capitalist Peace! (Engelska)
  2. Social and Class issues underlie the Israeli-Palestinian tragedy (Engelska)
  3. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 9 (Engelska)
  4. Origins and History of the English Workers Movement (Pt. 5) (Engelska)
  5. On Marxism, Law and Revolution (Engelska)
  6. Report from the USA: False Security (Engelska)
  7. Increased Exploitation in the UK Postal Service (Engelska)

• Communist Left 17

  2002-09

  1. Six Articles on Disasters and the Nature of Capitalism (Engelska)
  2. The Po Valley (Engelska)
  3. Filling and Bursting of Bourgeois Civilization (Engelska)
  4. Murder of the Dead (Engelska)
  5. The Legend of the Piave (Engelska)
  6. Weird and Wonderful Tales of Modern Social Decadence (Engelska)
  7. Doctrine of the Body Possessed by the Devil (Engelska)
  8. The Spirit of Horsepower (Engelska)

• Communist Left 15-16

  2002-04

  1. The Capitalist Regime Uses Terrorism and Anti-Terrorism to Force the Proletariat into the Third Imperialist War (Engelska)
  2. A "Peace Process" for Capitalism in Ireland (Engelska)
  3. Origins and History of the English Workers Movement (Pt. 4) (Engelska)
  4. Biodiversity and Capitalism Pt. 2 (Engelska)
  5. UK: A Further Integration of the Unions into the State (Engelska)
  6. Chaos and Disruption in the British Postal System (Engelska)
  7. Manchette (What Distinguishes Our Party) (Engelska)
  8. Reunion Report - Genoa, 26-27 May 2001 (Engelska)

• Communist Left 14

  2000-09

  1. Algeria, Yesterday and Today Pt. 1 (Engelska)
  2. The Explosive Potential of the Indonesian Working Class (Engelska)
  3. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 7 (Engelska)
  4. Origins and History of the English Workers Movement (Pt. 3) (Engelska)
  5. UK: Car Workers Under Attack (Engelska)
  6. Biodiversity and Capitalism Pt. 1 (Engelska)
  7. Deadly Embraces (Engelska)
  8. The Party meeting in Genoa (Engelska)

• Communist Left 12-13

  1999-06

  1. Origins and History of the English Workers Movement (Pt. 2) (Engelska)
  2. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 6 (Engelska)
  3. Communist Organisation and Discipline (Engelska)
  4. Notes on the Opposition between Capitalist and Socialist Economics (Engelska)
  5. A Growing Anger at the Trade-Union Leaders (Engelska)
  6. The Liverpool Dockers Dispute, a Summing Up (or how not to conduct a strike) (Engelska)
  7. Yet Another Appalling TUC Annual Gathering (Engelska)
  8. Australia: Wharfies Still Under Attack (Engelska)
  9. USA: All-Out Strike at General Motors (Engelska)
  10. A Nice Test of Strength by the New York Building Workers (Engelska)
  11. Against the slaughter in Kosovo - And the bombing in Serbia: DOWN WITH THE IMPERIALIST WAR! (Engelska)
  12. Now as Before, War on War! Fight the Enemy in Your Own Country! Workers of the World, Unite! (Engelska)

• Communist Left 10-11

  1997-01

  1. Origins and History of the English Workers Movement (Pt. 1) (Engelska)
  2. Articles on the 1926 General Strike (Engelska)
  3. The Tactics of the Comintern from 1926 to 1940 (Pt. 1) (Engelska)
  4. MacDonald in Power (Engelska)
  5. Capitalism's Mortal Crisis (Engelska)
  6. How to Write History (Engelska)
  7. Report by the Left of the PCd'I (Engelska)
  8. The Comintern and the United Front (Engelska)
  9. The Balkan War (Pt. 1) (Engelska)
  10. The Balkan War (Pt. 2) (Engelska)
  11. Strikes Need to be Generalised to Win (Engelska)
  12. All of the Workers are Under Attack (Engelska)

• Communist Left 9

  1995-09

  1. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 5 (Engelska)
  2. Letter from Bordiga to Korsch (Engelska)

• Communist Left 8

  1994-09

  1. Introduction to the Left Purged and Into Exile (Engelska)
  2. The Left Purged and Into Exile (Engelska)
  3. The Fraction's Letter to the International Secretariat (Engelska)
  4. Straightening Dogs' Legs (Engelska)
  5. TURIN, 2 & 3 OCTOBER, 1993 Another Highly Successful Party Reunion (Engelska)
  6. The Need for Workers' Economic Organisations (Engelska)
  7. The Crisis Confronting the Working Class (Engelska)
  8. The Trade Unions Truants from the Class Struggle (Engelska)
  9. Postal Workers: From Determined Struggle - to Disorientation (Engelska)

• Communist Left 7

  1993-09

  1. The burial of the  CPGB (Engelska)
  2. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 4 (Engelska)
  3. Red Bologna: The Italian socialist congress (Engelska)
  4. The season of strikes in Italy: A summing up (Engelska)
  5. The axe still hangs over the mines (Engelska)
  6. Fight the pit closures! Keep up the class struggle! (Engelska)
  7. The agony of capitalism in its cyclical crises (Engelska)

• Communist Left 6

  1992-12

  1. Marxism and the workers movement in Britain Pt. 4 (Engelska)
  2. Auschwitz, the Big Alibi (Engelska)
  3. Race and class (Engelska)
  4. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 3 (Engelska)
  5. Introduction to the Interview with Sylvia Pankhurst on the Situation in England (Engelska)
  6. Interview with Sylvia Pankhurst on the Situation in England (Engelska)
  7. The Party and the Trade Unions (Engelska)
  8. The imperialist war in Sarejevo (Engelska)
  9. New publication: Revolution and counter-revolution in Russia (Engelska)

• Communist Left 5

  1992-06

  1. US Riots - American Dream Under Fire (Engelska)
  2. Yugoslavia: Not Ethnic War but Global Imperialist Conflict (Engelska)
  3. Russia: The Liquidators Liquidated (Engelska)
  4. Nature and Communist Revolution (Engelska)
  5. An Historical Outline of the Union Movement in Argentina (Engelska)
  6. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 2 (Engelska)
  7. Socialism and Anarchy (Engelska)
  8. Socialists and Anarchists (Engelska)
  9. Bolshevism Defamed by the Anarchists (Engelska)
  10. Reunion Report: A Successful General Reunion of the Party in Turin, 1991 (Engelska)
  11. London Undergroun Strike: Underground Tremors Hit Capital (Engelska)
  12. New Publication: Il Corso del Capitalismo Mondiale nella Esperienza Storica e nella Dottrina di Marx, 1750-1990 (The Course of World Capitalism: Historical Experience and Marx’s Teaching) (Engelska)
  13. Leaflet On The Election In The UK: Ignore the elections, continue the struggles (Engelska)

• Communist Left 4

  1991-12

  1. Revolutionary Marxism and the War in the Gulf (Engelska)
  2. The Party's Classical Theses and Evaluations on Imperialist Wars (Engelska)
  3. The Italian Left: On the Line of Lenin and the First Two Congresses of the Third International Pt 1 (Engelska)
  4. Italy: The Metal Workers Caught in the Vice Between Bosses and Unions (Engelska)
  5. 1990 Reunion Reports (Engelska)
  6. "Practical" Socialists by William Morris (Engelska)
  7. Argentinian Telephone Workers Settle Accounts with Peronism (Engelska)
  8. Liverpool: Assault on All Fronts Against the Workers (Engelska)

• Communist Left 3

  1990-12

  1. Against All Fatherlands (Engelska)
  2. Marxism and the English Workers Movement Pt. 3 (Engelska)
  3. Reunion Report: Profitable work on the 3rd-4th February 1990 (Engelska)
  4. Unofficial Unions Spark Strikes in Oil Fields (Engelska)
  5. Big stick in Poplar, By Sylvia Pankhurst, 1923 (Engelska)
  6. Anti-Poll Tax Campaign (Engelska)
  7. Imperialist Rivalry in the Gulf (Engelska)

• Communist Left 2

  1990-06

  1. CPGB Lurching into Oblivion (Engelska)
  2. The Roast Beef of Old England: The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Should Go and Hide Themselves (Engelska)
  3. Marxism and the English Workers Movement Pt. 2 (Engelska)
  4. Introduction to Marxism of the Stammerers (Engelska)
  5. Marxism of the Stammerers (Engelska)
  6. Life of the Party: Reunion Report, Bolzano, October 1989 (Engelska)
  7. Transport Strikes in Australia (Engelska)
  8. Poll Tax Riots: Ruling Class says 'NO' to Violence (Engelska)
  9. Trial and Terror in the UK (Engelska)

• Communist Left 1

  1989-12

  1. Marxism and the English Workers Movement Pt. 1 (Engelska)
  2. Evolution and dynamic of the union form (Engelska)
  3. The Party and the COBAS (Engelska)
  4. The 'Modernization' of the Labour Party (or the Emperor's New Clothes) (Engelska)
  5. The bourgeoisie and the "social peace": East and West (Engelska)